Abstract:
An extended SBM model is proposed to measure the provincial environmental efficiency
including undesirable input and undesirable output in window analysis. In the index system,
energy consumption is used as an undesirable input as a new approach and undesirable output is
a different combination of three kinds of pollution emissions (SO2, COD, and CO2), and the
dataset covers 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2017. It is found that there is a big gap in the
environmental efficiency scores among different provinces and higher scores in the east region
and lower scores in the west region. In the long run, it has the property of a generally upward
trend and regional convergence and there is a strong positive relationship with economic growth.
Then, a variety of econometric models, including panel data model, GMM model, and panel
Tobit model test the N-shape curve reflecting the relationship between environmental efficiency
and economic growth, and the conclusions are consistent with robust results.
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